Caloric-engine



L. A. DABLBN.

GALORIC ENGINE.

No. 336,093. Patented Feb. 16, 1886;.

w' fnesses WMM UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEo LAMBERT ALEXANDER DAELEN, OFCOLOGNE, PRUSSIA, GERMANY, AS- SIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO JOSHUAMERRILL, GEORGE PAT- TEN, AND JAMES A. WOODBURY, OF BOSTON,MASSACHUSETTS.

CALORlC-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming parl'. of Letters Patent No. 336,093, datedFebruary 16, 1886.

v Application filed November 8, 1875.

To @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LAMBERT ALEXANDER DA ELEN, of Cologne, Kingdom ofPrussia, German Empire, have invented certain Improve` ments inCalorie-Engines; and l do hereby declare that the following is a full,clear, `and exact description thereof, which will enable those skilledin the art to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawing, making part of this specification.

The drawing shows a vertical section ofthe engine.

My invention Yrelates to that class of caloricengines in whichaconstantquantity of compressed air without being renewed is heated and cooledalternately, and by virtue of the diierence of pressure thereby producedmoving a piston, and through it all other parts of the engine. 1

The rst part of my invention refers to the use of two distinctlyseparate heating and cooling chambers, and two separateair-displacers-one for the hot air, the other for the cold air-with theobject to utilize the heat as much as possible. The second part refersto the manner in which the uniformity of speed is attained.

The drawing shows an upright single-acting engine with rotary shaft; butthrough suitable alterations of the'mechanical parts it may be builthorizontal, double-acting, with a rotary shaft or direct-acting.

On a wide base, A, supporting' a rocking shaft, B, rests a hollowcylinder, C, within which and cast in one piece therewith is the pendentcylinder D, forming with the thin copper pipe E an annular chamber, W,to contain the cooling-water, and provided with an inlet for the freshcold water ,at the lower part, and an outlet for the warm water at thetop, in any convenient way. The annular chamber surrounding the cylinderD, as well as the space below the lower end of said cylinder, isdesigned as a reservoir, to be lled with compressed air. The piston-rodof the piston G,working in the above-mentioned copper pipe E, passesthrough a packing-box in the lower head of the cylinder C, and isattached to a lever or crank on the rock-shaft B. A second lever of thisshaft B is connected by a rod to the crank ofthe main shaft Q, so thatthrough the reciprocating motion of the piston G the shaft Q may berevolved. Connected to the top of the cylinder C by a cast ironcylinder, H, is a second thin copper pipe, K, the inside diameter ofwhich is the same as that of pipe E and of cylinder H. This pipe K issurrounded by brick-work incased in iron castings, but bearing anannulaispace, M, between it and the pipe K.

On one side of the cylinder H and pipe K is placed the furnace L, invsuch way that the space M forms part of the hue, through which, byclosing the register R, the heat of the furnace L is caused to impingeupon and surround the pipe K before escaping to the chimney V.

In the pipe K or heating-chamber is placed a hollow metallic vessel, S,which I term the hot-air displacer, nearly lling up the heating-chamberK, and a similar hollow metallic vessel, T, termed the cold-airdisplacer, is placed in the pipe E or cooling-chamber.7 The first ismoved up and down by means of two piston-rods, lever U, connecting rod,and cam S', fixed on shaft the second through piston-rod F, lever X, andconnecting-rod and cam F', also fixed on shaft To one side of thecylinder C is fastened a centrifugal governor driven by gearing which,through the up and down motion ofa conical valve, a, acts through an arm(not shown) on the rocker-shaft c to rock said shaft, and through it andanother arm secured to said shaft o (but not shown) in position toengage with the stem of the valve d to raise said valve, which, whenopen, connects the compressed air in the reservoir D with the space Hthrough pipe f. The cock O is screwed into the cylinder C for thepurpose of attaching to it an air force-pump driven by hand or by theengine for filling the reservoir D with cornpressed air and to replacethe air lost by ac cidental leakage. Just before the commencement of astroke the piston G, being moved tothe extreme of its upward movement bythe operator giving a partial revolution to the fly-wheel by hand, thehot-air displacer S descends quickly down to the cold-air displacer T,returning as quickly to its formerV position. By this motion thecompressed air contained in the cylinder H is forced twice along the hotsurfaces of the heating-chamber K, whereby its pressure is very muchincreased, and the piston G is forced down, followed closely by thecold-air displacer T. A moment before the piston G arrives at its lowestposition the coldair displacer T is raised quickly to the hot-airdisplacer S, through which motion the heated air is brought in contactwith the surfaces of the cooling-chamber E, and the pressure is so muchdiminished that the piston G is forced upward through theslightly-increased pressure of the compressed air in the reservoir, dueto the downward movement of the piston G, aided by the momentum of theily-wheel. The` cold-air displacer T, descending, now reaches thepislton G just in the moment in which the latter is in its highestposition, and the before-described motions are repeated. It will beobserved that while that portion of the air which is in ycontact withthe upper surface ot the piston when it commences to descend has had itsheat extracted therefrom by contact with the i walls of thecooling-chamber, there is a very much larger body of air above thecoldair displacer T that is heated to a very high temv vperature, whichin its effort to expand reacts Vupon the tubular column of cold airsurrounding the cold-air displacer,and through it upon the piston G, toforce it downward. It will also be observed that the piston G in itsdescent is closely followed by the cold-air-displacer T until saidpiston has nearly reached its lowest position, thus precluding thepossibility of any very large proportion of the body of air contained inthe cylinder passing over the surface of the cooling-chamber until thecold-air displacer is moved upward just before the piston G reaches itslowest position.

The two air-displacers S and T are made of thin copper.

T0 regulate the speed of the engine,the governor is made to open aswanted a Valve, d,

' by means of the cam a and the rockshaft c,

and to connect thereby the space H with the reservoir through pipe f.This will take place when the engine runs too fast-that is, when thepressure in the cylinder His too high-and some of the too-powerful aircontained in the cylinder H is allowed to escape into the reservoir. Itwill be seen that the valve d remains closed as long as the speed is thecorrect one.

To start the engine, the operator turns the fly-wheel about its axis byhand or by any suitable mechanism. To stop the engine or equalize thepressure, the valve d may be opened by hand.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is-

1. The combination, in an air-engine, of a cylinder, a tight-workingpiston arranged and adapted to be reciprocated in said cylinder, areservoir for containing air under pressure, connected with the interiorof said cylinder upon one side of said piston, and a heating apparatusand aV cooling-chamber, both connected with said cylinder upon the otherside of said piston, whereby the same body of air is alternately heatedand cooled upon one side ofthe working-piston, while the air upon theopposite side of said piston remains at its normal temperature withoutexhausting the air from either side of said piston, substantially asdescribed.

2. The combination of separate heating and cooling chambers, twoseparate displacers, and a working-piston arranged to use the same bodyof compressed air over and over again and pass it twice between saidchambers and the displacers at each double stroke of the piston,substantially as described.

3. In an engine adaptedto contain air under pressure upon both sides ofits piston, and to 'be operated by alternately heating and cooling saidair, the combination of the pipe f, connecting the chambers above andbelow the working-piston, a valve, d, connected therewith, therocker-shaft e, the cam a, and a governor, all arranged and adapted tooperate substantially as and for the purposes described.

4. In an air-engine, a pipe connecting the chambers at the opposite endsofthe workingpiston, in combination with a valve adapted to close thepassage through said pipe and to be opened, as a means lof equalizingthe pressure upon the two ends of the piston, as set forth.

5. Inv an air-engine,a pipe connecting the chambers at the opposite endof the working- TOO piston, in combination Awith a valve adapted to IIOThisspecitication signed by me this the 25th v day of June, 1875.

LAMBERT ALEXANDER DAELEN.

Witnesses:

AUG-Usi: DEvIN, T. W. BOCKMEULEN.

